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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
USA
Finland
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2023
Overall Score:
69 out of 100
Rank:
24 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
1 out of 141
Open Budget 2023
Overall Score:
69 out of 100
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,70 out of 1
Rank:
26 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
83 out of 150
Rank:
77 out of 140
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
8,81 out of 10
Rank:
6 out of 119
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2023
Overall Score:
87 out of 100
Rank:
2 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
88 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,87 out of 1
Rank:
3 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
105 out of 150
Rank:
31 out of 140
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
9,18 out of 10
Rank:
3 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
G20
APEC
FATF
OAS
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
USA
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2000.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption is not ratified.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption is not ratified. 
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here. 
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1998.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Group of Twenty (G20)
  • G20 Presidency in 2008 (Washington) and in 2009 (Pittsburg).
  • The documents adopted under the US Presidency are available here (Washington) and here (Pittsburg).
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1989.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Organization of American States (OAS)
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2000.
Finland
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accepted in 2006.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2001.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1998.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1991.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Main Legislation
USA

  1. 18 US Code: Chapter 11 - Bribery, Graft, and Conflicts of Interest, (English);

  2. 18 US Code: Chapter 31 – Embezzlement and theft, Section 666 – Theft or bribery concerning programs receiving Federal funds, (English);

  3. 5 US Code Appendix: Ethics in Government Act of 1978, (English);

  4. 5 Code of Federal Regulations: Chapter XVI – Office of Government Ethics, (English);

  5. 15 US Code, Anti-Bribery and Books and Records Provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, (English);

  6. 18 US Сode: Chapter 96 - Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations, (English);

  7. Section 5101 - Prohibition of Demand for Bribe, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, (English).

Finland

  1. Criminal Law: Chapter 16, Articles 13-14b, 18; Chapter 30, Articles 7-8a, 13; Chapter 32, Articles 6-10; Chapter 40, Articles 1-4a, 7, 8
    (Rikoslaki: Luku 16, § 13-14b, 18; Luku 30, § 7-8a, 13; Luku 32, § 6-10; Luku 40, § 1-4a, 7, 8), (Finnish/Swedish/English);

  2. Law of August 19, 1994 No. 750 «On Civil Service»
    (19.8.1994/750 Valtion virkamieslaki), (Finnish/Swedish);

  3. Law of December 20, 2022 No. 1171 «On the Protection of Whistleblowers Reporting Breaches of European Union and National Law»
    (1171/2022 Laki Euroopan unionin ja kansallisen oikeuden rikkomisesta ilmoittavien henkilöiden suojelusta), (Finnish);

  4. Code of Conduct for Officials
    (Virkamieseettinen toimintaohje), (Finnish/Swedish/English);

  5. Values in the Daily Job – Civil Servant’s Ethics. A handbook for the state administration»
    (Arvot Arjessa – Virkamiehen Etiikka. Valtionhallinnon Käsikirja), (Finnish), (English);

  6. Recommendations of the Ministry of Finance on Other Paid Activities of Officials
    (VM/561/00.00.00/2017 Virkamiesten sivutoimet), (Finnish);

  7. Recommendations of the Ministry of Finance on the Issues Regarding the Acceptance of Gifts, Offers of Hospitality and Other Benefits
    (VN/27196/2023 Vieraanvaraisuudesta, eduista ja lahjoista), (Finnish);

  8. Recommendations of the Ministry of Finances Regarding Cooling-Off Periods for Former Civil Servants
    (VM/1007/00.00.00/2012 Ohje virkamiehen siirtyessä toisen työnantajan palvelukseen), (Finnish);

  9. Report of the Committee for Ethics in Civil Service, with recommendations, March 2014
    (Valtion virkamieseettisen toimikunnan raportti 3/2014), (Finnish).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
USA

  1. Department of Justice, (English);

  2. Securities and Exchange Commission, (English);

  3. Office of Government Ethics, (English);

  4. Interagency Ethics Council, (no official website);

  5. Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, (English).

Finland

  1. National Bureau of Investigation
    (Keskusrikospoliisi), (Finnish);

  2. National Prosecution Authority
    (Valtakunnansyyttäjänvirasto), (Finnish/English/Swedish);

  3. Ministry of Finance
    (Valtiovarainministeriö), (Finnish/English/Swedish).

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