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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Spain
Singapore
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
61 out of 100
Rank:
34 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
29 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2022
Overall Score:
0,73 out of 1
Rank:
23 out of 140
Open Budget 2021
Overall Score:
54 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
73 out of 150
Rank:
94 out of 135
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
7,96 out of 10
Rank:
23 out of 114
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
85 out of 100
Rank:
4 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
3 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2022
Overall Score:
0,78 out of 1
Rank:
17 out of 140
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
UN
APEC
FATF
Spain
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2010.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2009.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Singapore
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2009.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1989.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1992.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
Spain

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 419-431, 439, 441, 442, Title XIII, Chapter XI, Section 4 – Corruption in Business, Articles 31bis-31quinquies
    (Codigo Penal: Artículos 419-431, 439, 441, 442, Titulo XIII, Сapítulo XI, Sección 4 – Delitos de corrupción en los negocios, Artículos 31bis-31quinquies​), (Spanish);

  2. Law on Civil Service, Division III, Chapter VIII
    (Ley articulada de Funcionarios Civiles del Estado: Titulo III, Capitulo VIII), (Spanish);

  3. Organic Law of December 26, 1984 No. 53/1984 «On Restrictions on Part-Time Work on Civil Servants»
    (Ley Orgánica 53/84, de 26 de diciembre, de Incompatibilidades del personal al servicio de las Administraciones Públicas), (Spanish);

  4. Law of March 30, 2015 «On the Duties of Persons Occupying Highest Positions in Public Administration»
    (Ley 3/2015, de 30 de marzo, reguladora del ejercicio del alto cargo de la Administración General del Estado), (Spanish).

Singapore

  1. Penal Code (Chapter 224 of the 2008 Revised Edition of the Statutes of the Republic of Singapore): Articles 161-165, 168, 169, (English);

  2. Prevention of Corruption Act, Chapter 241 of the 2008 Revised Edition of the Statutes of the Republic of Singapore, (English);

  3. Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits Act), Chapter 65a of the 2008 Revised Edition of the Statutes of the Republic of Singapore, (English).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Spain

  1. Special Prosecutor’s Office for Countering Corruption and Organized Crime
    (Fiscalía Especial contra la Corrupción y el Crimen Organizado), (Spanish)

Singapore

  1. Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, (English).

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