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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Singapore
Latvia
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
83 out of 100
Rank:
5 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
3 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,78 out of 1
Rank:
17 out of 142
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2022
Overall Score:
59 out of 100
Rank:
39 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
95 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,73 out of 1
Rank:
22 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
69 out of 150
Rank:
105 out of 135
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
7,25 out of 10
Rank:
37 out of 114
International Cooperation
UN
APEC
FATF
UN
GRECO
OECD
Singapore
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2009.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1989.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1992.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Latvia
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2000.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2005.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2014.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Main Legislation
Singapore

  1. Penal Code (Chapter 224 of the 2008 Revised Edition of the Statutes of the Republic of Singapore): Articles 161-165, 168, 169, (English);

  2. Prevention of Corruption Act, Chapter 241 of the 2008 Revised Edition of the Statutes of the Republic of Singapore, (English);

  3. Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits Act), Chapter 65a of the 2008 Revised Edition of the Statutes of the Republic of Singapore, (English).

Latvia

  1. Criminal Law: Articles 195, 196, 198, 199, 318-3264
    (Krimināllikums: 195, 196, 198, 199, 318-3264 pants), (Latvian/English);

  2. Law on the State Civil Service
    (Valsts civildienesta likums), (Latvian/English);

  3. Law on the Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
    (Korupcijas novēršanas un apkarošanas biroja likums), (Latvian/English);

  4. Law on the Prevention of Conflicts of Interest in Activities of Public Officials
    (Par interešu konflikta novēršanu valsts amatpersonu darbībā), (Latvian/English);

  5. Law on the Whistleblowing
    (Trauksmes celšanas likums), (Latvian/English).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Singapore

  1. Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, (English).

Latvia

  1. Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau
    (Korupcijas novēršanas un apkarošanas birojs), (Latvian/English).

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