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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Peru
Malta
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
36 out of 100
Rank:
105 out of 180
Capacity to Combat Corruption Index 2022
Overall Score:
5,66 out of 10
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
107 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,49 out of 1
Rank:
87 out of 139
Open Budget 2021
Overall Score:
61 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
54 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
6,71 out of 10
Rank:
47 out of 114
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
54 out of 100
Rank:
49 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
38 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,68 out of 1
Rank:
30 out of 139
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
78 out of 150
Rank:
79 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
7,62 out of 10
Rank:
30 out of 114
International Cooperation
UN
OECD
APEC
OAS
UN
GRECO
Peru
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report in Spanish and executive summary are available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2018.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 1 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1998.
Organization of American States (OAS)
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1997.
Malta
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2003.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Main Legislation
Peru

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 376, 382, 384, 385, 389, 393-401
    (Decreto Legislativo Nº 635: Código Penal, Artículos 376, 382, 384, 385, 389, 393-401​), (Spanish);

  2. Law of 2001 No. 27482 «On the Publication of Income and Asset Declarations of Civil Servants»
    (Ley 27482 que regula la publicación de la Declaración Jurada de Ingresos y de Bienes y Rentas de los funcionarios y servidores públicos del Estado), (Spanish);

  3. Law of August 12, 2002 No. 27815 «On the Code of Ethics for Civil Service»
    (Ley 27815 del Código de Ética de la Función Pública), (Spanish);

  4. Law of June 22, 2010 No. 29542 «On Protection of Whistleblowers at the Administrative Level and Effective Cooperation on Criminal Matters»
    (Ley 29542 de protección al denunciante en el ámbito administrativo y de colaboración eficaz en el ámbito penal), (Spanish);

  5. Law of November 9, 2011 No. 27588 «On Impediments and Restrictions for Civil Servants and Individuals Providing Services to the State on Contractual Basis»
    (Ley Nº 27588 que establece prohibiciones e incompatibilidades de funcionarios y servidores públicos, así como de las personas que presten servicios al Estado bajo cualquier modalidad contractual), (Spanish);

  6. Law of July 4, 2013 No. 30057 «On Civil Service»
    (Ley 30057 del Servicio Civil), (Spanish).

  7. Law of January 9, 2019 No. 30424 «On Administrative Liability of Legal Persons for Transnational Bribery»
    (Ley 30424 que regula la responsabilidad administrativa de las personas jurídicas por el delito de cohecho activo transnacional), (Spanish).

Malta

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 115-121A, 121C, 121D, 124-126, (Maltese/English);

  2. Permanent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988, (Maltese/English);

  3. Public Administration Act 2019, along with Code of Ethics, (Maltese/English);

  4. Protection of the Whistleblower Act 2013, (Maltese/English);

  5. Code of Principles of Good Corporate Governance for Listed Entities, (English).

 
Anti-Corruption Bodies
Peru

  1. High-Level Anti-Corruption Commission of Peru
    (Comisión De Alto Nivel Anticorrupción), (Spanish)

 
Malta

  1. Permanent Commission against Corruption of Malta, (Maltese/English).

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