HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Panama
Peru
Indices
Overall Score:
35 out of 100
Rank:
108 out of 180
Overall Score:
5,39 out of 10
Rank:
18 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,51 out of 1
Rank:
74 out of 142
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
54 out of 140
Overall Score:
33 out of 100
Rank:
121 out of 180
Overall Score:
5,53 out of 10
Rank:
107 out of 141
Overall Score:
71 out of 100
Overall Score:
0,49 out of 1
Rank:
88 out of 142
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
55 out of 140
Overall Score:
6,50 out of 10
Rank:
54 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OAS
UN
OECD
APEC
OAS
Panama
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2005.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2012.
Peru
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report in Spanish and executive summary are available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2018.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 1 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
  • APEC’s member since 1998.
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1997.
Main Legislation
Panama

1. Criminal Code: Articles 254, 345-354, 364, 365
(Código Penal: Artículos 254, 345-354, 364, 365), (Spanish);

2. Law on the Careers of Civil Servants
(Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa), (Spanish);

3. Law on the Implementation of Article 299 of the Constitution and the Fight against Corruption in Public Authorities
(Que Reglamenta el Artículo 299 de la Constitución Política y Dicta otras Disposiciones contra la Corrupción Administrativa), (Spanish);

4. Law on Regulating Situations of Conflict of Interest in the Public Service
(Que Regula Situaciones de Conflicto de Intereses en la Función Pública), (Spanish);

5. Presidential Decree on a Unified Form for Declaration of Interests and Other Provisions
(Que adopta el Formulario Único de Declaración Jurada de intereses particulares y dicta otras disposiciones), (Spanish);

6. Uniform Code of Ethics for Public Officials
(Código Uniforme De Ética De Los Servidores Públicos), (Spanish);

7. Guidelines on Asset Declarations for Civil Servants
(Guía Básica sobre Declaración Jurada de Estado Patrimonial de Funcionarios Públicos), (Spanish).

Peru
  1. Criminal Code: Articles 376, 382, 384, 385, 393-401
    (Decreto Legislativo Nº 635: Código Penal, Artículos 376, 382, 384, 385, 393-401​), (Spanish);

  2. Law of 2002 No. 27482 «On the Publication of Income and Asset Declarations of Civil Servants»
    (Ley 27482 que regula la publicación de la Declaración Jurada de Ingresos y de Bienes y Rentas de los funcionarios y servidores públicos del Estado), (Spanish);

  3. Law of August 12, 2002 No. 27815 «On the Code of Ethics for Civil Service»
    (Ley 27815 del Código de Ética de la Función Pública), (Spanish);

  4. Law of June 22, 2010 No. 29542 «On Protection of Whistleblowers at the Administrative Level and Effective Cooperation on Criminal Matters»
    (Ley 29542 de protección al denunciante en el ámbito administrativo y de colaboración eficaz en el ámbito penal), (Spanish);

  5. Law of July 4, 2013 No. 30057 «On Civil Service»
    (Ley 30057 del Servicio Civil), (Spanish).

  6. Law of April 21, 2016 No. 30424 «On Administrative Liability of Legal Persons for Transnational Bribery»
    (Ley 30424 que regula la responsabilidad administrativa de las personas jurídicas por el delito de cohecho activo transnacional), (Spanish);

  7. Law of August 17, 2022 No. 31564 «On Preventing and Managing Conflicts of Interest upon Recruitment to and Dismissal from the Civil Service»
    (Ley 31564 de Prevención y Mitigación del Conflicto de Intereses en El Acceso y Salida de Personal del Servicio Público)(Spanish).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Panama

1. Public Prosecutor's Office of Panama
(Ministerio Público de Panamá), (Spanish);

2. National Authority for Transparency and Access to Information
(Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información), (Spanish).

Peru
  1. High-Level Anti-Corruption Commission of Peru
    (Comisión De Alto Nivel Anticorrupción), (Spanish)

 

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