HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Panama
Japan
Indices
Overall Score:
35 out of 100
Rank:
108 out of 180
Overall Score:
5,39 out of 10
Rank:
18 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,51 out of 1
Rank:
74 out of 142
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
54 out of 140
Overall Score:
73 out of 100
Rank:
16 out of 180
Rank:
6 out of 141
Overall Score:
63 out of 100
Overall Score:
0,79 out of 1
Rank:
14 out of 142
Overall Score:
76 out of 150
Rank:
86 out of 140
Overall Score:
7,65 out of 10
Rank:
27 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OAS
UN
OECD
G20
APEC
FATF
Panama
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2005.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2012.
Japan
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accepted in 2017.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1998.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
  • G20 Presidency in 2019.
  • The documents adopted under Japan’s Presidency are available here.
  • APEC’s member since 1989.
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
Panama

1. Criminal Code: Articles 254, 345-354, 364, 365
(Código Penal: Artículos 254, 345-354, 364, 365), (Spanish);

2. Law on the Careers of Civil Servants
(Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa), (Spanish);

3. Law on the Implementation of Article 299 of the Constitution and the Fight against Corruption in Public Authorities
(Que Reglamenta el Artículo 299 de la Constitución Política y Dicta otras Disposiciones contra la Corrupción Administrativa), (Spanish);

4. Law on Regulating Situations of Conflict of Interest in the Public Service
(Que Regula Situaciones de Conflicto de Intereses en la Función Pública), (Spanish);

5. Presidential Decree on a Unified Form for Declaration of Interests and Other Provisions
(Que adopta el Formulario Único de Declaración Jurada de intereses particulares y dicta otras disposiciones), (Spanish);

6. Uniform Code of Ethics for Public Officials
(Código Uniforme De Ética De Los Servidores Públicos), (Spanish);

7. Guidelines on Asset Declarations for Civil Servants
(Guía Básica sobre Declaración Jurada de Estado Patrimonial de Funcionarios Públicos), (Spanish).

Japan
  1. Penal Code: Articles 193, 197-198 
    (明治四十年法律第四十五号 刑法: 記事193, 197-198), (Japanese/English);

  2. National Public Service Act No. 120 of October 21, 1947, along with Code of Ethics
    (国家公務員法 - 昭和二十二年法律第百二十号), (Japanese/English);

  3. Unfair Competition Prevention Act No.47 of May 19, 1993: Article 18 
    (平成五年法律第四十七号 – 不正競争防止法: 論文 18)(Japanese), (English);

  4. National Public Service Ethics Act No. 129 of August 13, 1999
    (国家公務員倫理法 - 平成十一年法律第百二十九号), (Japanese/English);

  5. Whistleblower Protection Act No. 122 of 2004
    (公益通報者保護法 - 平成十六年法律第百二十二号), (Japanese);

  6. National Public Service Ethics Code, Cabinet Order No. 101 of March 28, 2000
    (国家公務員倫理規程), (Japanese).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Panama

1. Public Prosecutor's Office of Panama
(Ministerio Público de Panamá), (Spanish);

2. National Authority for Transparency and Access to Information
(Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información), (Spanish).

Japan
  1. Supreme Public Prosecutor’s Office
    (最高検察庁), (Japanese).

We use cookies in order to improve the quality and usability of the HSE website. More information about the use of cookies is available here, and the regulations on processing personal data can be found here. By continuing to use the site, you hereby confirm that you have been informed of the use of cookies by the HSE website and agree with our rules for processing personal data. You may disable cookies in your browser settings.