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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
China
Turkey
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
45 out of 100
Rank:
66 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
25 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,47 out of 1
Rank:
98 out of 139
Open Budget 2019
Overall Score:
19 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
75 out of 150
Rank:
87 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity 2021
Overall Score:
5,22 out of 10
Rank:
99 out of 116
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
38 out of 100
Rank:
96 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
55 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,42 out of 1
Rank:
117 out of 139
Open Budget 2019
Overall Score:
51 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
72 out of 150
Rank:
97 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity 2021
Overall Score:
6,52 out of 10
Rank:
59 out of 116
International Cooperation
UN
G20
APEC
FATF
BRICS
IACA
UN
GRECO
OECD
G20
FATF
IACA
China
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of Twenty (G20)
  • G20 Presidency in 2016.
  • The documents adopted under China’s Presidency are available here.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1991.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 2007.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
BRICS
  • BRICS Member since 2009.
  • BRICS Presidency is scheduled for 2022.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2013.
Turkey
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2004.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was not ratified in 2003.
  • The forth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Group of Twenty (G20)
  • G20 Presidency in 2015.
  • The documents adopted under Turkey’s Presidency are available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1991.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2012.
Main Legislation
China

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 163-166, 169, 382-397, 399, 401-405, 410-414, 418, (Chinese), (English);

  2. Law of the People’s Republic of China against Unfair Competition of September 2, 1993, (English);

  3. Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China of March 20, 2018, (Chinese), (English);

  4. Law on Graft Busters of August 20, 2021, (Chinese).

 
Turkey

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 235, 236, 252-255, 282
    (Türk Ceza Kanunu: Madde 235, 236, 252-255, 282), (Turkish);

  2. Law on Civil Service of July 14, 1965 No. № 657
    (14/7/1965 tarihli ve 657 sayılı Devlet Memurları Kanunu), (Turkish);

  3. Act of June 10, 1981 No. 17480 «On the Prohibition of Employment after Dismissal from the Public Sector»
    (10/06/1981 tarihli ve 17480 sayılı Kamu Görevlerinden Ayrılanların Yapamayacakları İşler Hakkında Kanun), (Turkish);

  4. Act of April 19, 1990 No. 3628 «On Declaration of Property and Fight against Bribery and Corruption»
    (19/04/1990 tarihli ve 3628 sayılı Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulması, Rüşvet ve Yolsuzluklarla Mücadele Kanunu), (Turkish/English);

  5. Law of May 25, 2004 No. 5176 «On the Establishment of Council of Ethics for Public Service and on Amendments to Specific Laws»
    (25/05/2004 tarihli ve 5176 sayılı Kamu Görevlileri Etik Kurulu Kurulmasi Ve Bazi Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapilmasi Hakkinda Kanun), (Turkish);

  6. Regulation No. 90/748 on Declaration of Assets
    (Yönetmelik № 90/748 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmasi Hakkinda), (Turkish);

  7. Regulation on Ethical Principles of Conduct for Public Officials and Principles and Procedures of Their Application
    (Yönetmelik Kamu Görevlileri Etik Davraniş İlkeleri İle Başvuru Usul Ve Esaslari Hakkinda), (Turkish).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
China

  1. National Supervisory Commission of the People’s Republic of China, (Chinese);

  2. Hong Kong Independent Commission against Corruption, (Chinese), (English);

  3. Commission against Corruption, Macao Special Administrative Region, (Chinese/English).

Turkey

  1. Council of Ethics for the Public Service​
    (Kamu Görevlileri Etik Kurulu), (Turkish).

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