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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
China
Portugal
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2020
Overall Score:
42 out of 100
Rank:
78 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
25 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2020
Overall Score:
0,48 out of 1
Rank:
88 out of 128
Open Budget 2019
Overall Score:
19 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
75 out of 150
Rank:
87 out of 134
Index of Public Integrity 2019
Overall Score:
5,22 out of 10
Rank:
99 out of 116
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2020
Overall Score:
61 out of 100
Rank:
33 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
76 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2020
Overall Score:
0,70 out of 1
Rank:
23 out of 128
Open Budget 2019
Overall Score:
66 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
73 out of 150
Rank:
91 out of 134
Index of Public Integrity 2019
Overall Score:
8,3 out of 10
Rank:
21 out of 116
International Cooperation
UN
G20
APEC
FATF
BRICS
IACA
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
China
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of Twenty (G20)
  • G20 Presidency in 2016.
  • The documents adopted under China’s Presidency are available here.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1991.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 2007.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
BRICS
  • BRICS Member since 2009.
  • BRICS Presidency is scheduled for 2022.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2013.
Portugal
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption is not ratified.
  • The fourth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1991.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
China

  1. Criminal Code, Chapter 8 – Graft and Bribery - Articles 382-396 and 164, (English);

  2. Law of the People’s Republic of China against Unfair Competition of September 2, 1993, (English);

  3. Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China of March 20, 2018, (Chinese), (English);

  4. Law on Graft Busters of August 20, 2021, (Chinese).

 
Portugal

  1. Criminal Code, articles 335, 363, 367, 368, 372-377, 379 and 382
    (Codigo Penal 2003: art. 335, 363, 368, 372-377, 379, 382), (Portuguese);

  2. Law of April 2, 1983 «On Public Control Over the Assets of Persons Occupying Most Senior Government Positions»
    (Lei n.º 4/83, de 2 de Abril Controle Público da Riqueza dos Titulares de Cargos Políticos), (Portuguese);

  3. Law of July 16, 1987 «Misconduct of Persons Occupying Most Senior Government Positions»
    (Lei n.º 34/87, de 16 de Julho Crimes da Responsabilidade de Titulares de Cargos Políticos), (Portuguese);

  4. Law of April 21, 2008 No. 19 «On Measures against Corruption»
    (Lei n.º 19/2008, de 21 de Abril Aprova Medidas de Combate à Corrupção), (Portuguese);

  5. Law of April 21, 2008 No. 20 «On Criminal Liability for Corruption Crimes in International Trade and in the Private Sector»
    (Lei n.º 20/2008, de 21 de Abril Responsabilidade Penal por Crimes de Corrupção no Comércio Internacional e na Actividade Privada), (Portuguese);

  6. Law of September 4, 2008 «Council for the Prevention of Corruption»
    (Lei n.º 54/2008 de 4 de Setembro Conselho de Prevenção da Corrupção), (Portuguese);

  7. Law No. 52 of July 31, 2019 «On the Adoption of the Rules Regulating the Exercise of Functions by the Individuals Holding Political Positions and High Public Positions»
    (Lei n.º 52/2019, de 31 de Julho Aprova o regime do exercício de funções por titulares de cargos políticos e altos cargos públicos), (Portuguese).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
China

  1. National Supervisory Commission of the People’s Republic of China, (Chinese);

  2. Hong Kong Independent Commission against Corruption, (Chinese), (English);

  3. Commission against Corruption, Macao Special Administrative Region, (Chinese/English).

Portugal

  1. Council for the Prevention of Corruption
    (Conselho de Prevenção da Corrupção), (Portuguese);

  2. Anti-Corruption Unit, Judicial Police of Portugal
    (Unidade Nacional de Combate à Corrupção), (Portuguese).

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