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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
China
Portugal
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
45 out of 100
Rank:
66 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
11 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,47 out of 1
Rank:
98 out of 139
Open Budget 2021
Overall Score:
19 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
75 out of 150
Rank:
87 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
5,22 out of 10
Rank:
99 out of 116
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
62 out of 100
Rank:
32 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
57 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,70 out of 1
Rank:
26 out of 139
Open Budget 2021
Overall Score:
66 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
73 out of 150
Rank:
92 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
8,23 out of 10
Rank:
14 out of 114
International Cooperation
UN
G20
APEC
FATF
BRICS
IACA
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
China
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of Twenty (G20)
  • G20 Presidency in 2016.
  • The documents adopted under China’s Presidency are available here.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1991.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 2007.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
BRICS
  • BRICS Member since 2009.
  • BRICS Presidency is scheduled for 2022.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2013.
Portugal
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption is not ratified.
  • The fourth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1991.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
China

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 163-166, 169, 382-397, 399, 401-405, 410-414, 418, (Chinese), (English);

  2. Law of the People’s Republic of China against Unfair Competition of September 2, 1993, (English);

  3. Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China of March 20, 2018, (Chinese), (English);

  4. Law on Graft Busters of August 20, 2021, (Chinese).

 
Portugal

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 335, 363, 372-377-A, 379 and 382
    (Codigo Penal 2003: Artigos 335, 363, 372-377-A, 379, 382), (Portuguese);

  2. Law of July 16, 1987 «Misconduct of Persons Occupying Most Senior Government Positions»
    (Lei n.º 34/87, de 16 de Julho Crimes da Responsabilidade de Titulares de Cargos Políticos), (Portuguese);

  3. Law of April 21, 2008 No. 19 «On Measures against Corruption»
    (Lei n.º 19/2008, de 21 de Abril Medidas de Combate à Corrupção), (Portuguese);

  4. Law of April 21, 2008 No. 20 «On Criminal Liability for Corruption Crimes in International Trade and in the Private Sector»
    (Lei n.º 20/2008, de 21 de Abril Novo regime penal de corrupção no comércio internacional e no sector privado), (Portuguese);

  5. Law No. 52 of July 31, 2019 «On the Adoption of the Rules Regulating the Exercise of Functions by the Individuals Holding Political Positions and High Public Positions»
    (Lei n.º 52/2019, de 31 de Julho Aprova o regime do exercício de funções por titulares de cargos políticos e altos cargos públicos), (Portuguese);

  6. Decree Law No. 109-E/2021 of December 9, 2021 «On the Establishment of a National Anti-Corruption Committee and the Establishment of a General Regime for the Prevention of Corruption»
    (Decreto-Lei n.º 109-E/2021, de 9 de Dezembro Mecanismo Nacional Anticorrupção e estabelece o regime geral de prevenção da corrupção), (Portuguese);

  7. Law No. 93/2021 of December 20, 2021 «On the Establishment of a General Protection Regime for Whistleblowers»
    (Lei n.º 93/2021, de 20 de Dezembro Estabelece o regime geral de proteção de denunciantes de infrações), (Portuguese).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
China

  1. National Supervisory Commission of the People’s Republic of China, (Chinese);

  2. Hong Kong Independent Commission against Corruption, (Chinese), (English);

  3. Commission against Corruption, Macao Special Administrative Region, (Chinese/English).

Portugal

  1. Council for the Prevention of Corruption
    (Conselho de Prevenção da Corrupção), (Portuguese);

  2. National Anti-Corruption Judicial Police Unit
    (Unidade Nacional de Combate à Corrupção), (Portuguese).

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