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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Canada
Belgium
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2022
Overall Score:
74 out of 100
Rank:
14 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
28 out of 141
Open Budget 2021
Overall Score:
31 out of 100
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,80 out of 1
Rank:
12 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
51 out of 135
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
8,16 out of 10
Rank:
16 out of 114
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2022
Overall Score:
73 out of 100
Rank:
18 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
26 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,78 out of 1
Rank:
16 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
59 out of 150
Rank:
119 out of 135
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
7,78 out of 10
Rank:
25 out of 114
International Cooperation
UN
OECD
G20
APEC
FATF
OAS
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
Canada
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1999.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Group of Twenty (G20)
  • G20 Presidency in 2010.
  • The documents adopted under Canada’s Presidency are available here.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1989.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Organization of American States (OAS)
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2000.
Belgium
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1999.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
Canada

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 119-121, 122-125, 426, (English/French);

  2. Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act 1998, (English/French);

  3. Public Servants Disclosure Protection Act 2005, (English/French);

  4. Conflict of Interest Act 2006, (English/French);

  5. Directive on Conflict of Interest, (English/French).

 
Belgium

1. Criminal Code: Articles 246-250, 504bis, 504ter
(Wetboek van Strafrecht: Art. 246-250, 504bis, 504ter), (Dutch);

2. Law of November 28, 2022 «On the Protection of Whistleblowers Reporting Breaches of Union or National Law Committed by Legal Persons in the Private Sector»
(Wet van 28 november 2022, betreffende de bescherming van melders van inbreuken op het Unie- of nationale recht vastgesteld binnen een juridische entiteit in de private sector), (Dutch);

3. Law of December 8, 2022 «On Disclosure Channels and Whistleblower Protection in the Federal Public Authorities and the Integrated Police»
(Wet van 8 december 2022, betreffende de meldingskanalen en de bescherming van de melders van integriteitsschendingen in de federale overheidsinstanties en bij de geïntegreerde politie), (Dutch);

4. Circular of May 5, 2014 «On the Management of Conflicts of Interest in Public Procurement: "Revolving Door"»
(Omzendbrief 5 mei 2014 - Overheidsopdrachten - Belangenvermenging – Draaideurconstructie), (Dutch);

5. The Code of Ethics for Federal Public Officials
(Deontologisch Kader), (Dutch).

 

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Canada

  1. Office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner (English/French);

  2. Public Sector Integrity Commissioner, (English/French).

  3. Canadian Conflict of Interest Network, (English/French).

Belgium
  1. Central Bureau for Countering Corruption, Federal Police of Belgium
    (Office Central pour la Répression de la Corruption), (Dutch/French);
  2. Federal Prosecutor's Office
    (Federaal parket), (Dutch/French).

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