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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Belgium
Republic of Korea
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
73 out of 100
Rank:
18 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
26 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,79 out of 1
Rank:
14 out of 139
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
59 out of 150
Rank:
120 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
7,78 out of 10
Rank:
25 out of 114
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
62 out of 100
Rank:
32 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
16 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,74 out of 1
Rank:
20 out of 139
Open Budget 2021
Overall Score:
74 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
97 out of 150
Rank:
46 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
8,09 out of 10
Rank:
19 out of 114
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
UN
OECD
G20
APEC
FATF
Belgium
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1999.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Republic of Korea
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1999.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Group of Twenty (G20)
  • G20 Presidency in 2010.
  • The documents adopted under the Presidency of the Republic of Korea are available here.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
  • APEC’s member since 1989.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 2009.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Main Legislation
Belgium

1. Criminal Code: Articles 246-250, 504bis, 504ter
(Wetboek van Strafrecht: Art. 246-250, 504bis, 504ter), (Dutch);

2. Law of September 15, 2013 «On the Disclosure of Information on Alleged Violation of the Rules of Conduct for Public Officials»
(Wet van 15 septembre 2013, beteffende de melding van een verondestelde integriteitsschending in de federale administratieve overheden door haar personeelsleden), (Dutch);

3. The Code of Ethics for Federal Public Officials
(Deontologisch Kader), (Dutch/French);

4. Guide to the Management of Conflicts of Interest in Federal Public Administration
(Handleiding bij belangenconflicten in het Belgisch federaal administratief openbaar ambt), (Dutch/French/German/English);

5. Circular of May 5, 2014 «On the Management of Conflicts of Interest in Public Procurement: "Revolving Door"»
(Omzendbrief 5 mei 2014 - Overheidsopdrachten - Belangenvermenging – Draaideurconstructie), (Dutch).

Republic of Korea

  1. Criminal Act: Articles 129-135, 357
    (형법, 조항 129-135, 357), (Korean/English);

  2. Act on Preventing Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions
    (국제상거래에 있어서 외국공무원에 대한 뇌물방지법), (Korean/English);

  3. Improper Solicitation and Graft Act
    (부정청탁 및 금품등 수수의 금지에 관한 법률), (Korean/English);

  4. Public Interest Whistleblower Protection Act
    (공익신고자 보호법), (Korean), (English);

  5. Act on the Prevention of Corruption and the Establishment and Management of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
    (부패방지 및 국민권익위원회의 설치와 운영에 관한 법률), (Korean), (English);

  6. Act on the Establishment and Operation of the Corruption Investigation Office for High-Ranking Officials
    (고위공직자범죄수사처 설치 및 운영에 관한 법률), (Korean), (English);

  7. Act on the Prevention of Conflict of Interest Related to Duties of Public Servants
    (공직자의 이해충돌 방지법), (Korean), (English);

  8. Public Service Ethics Act
    (공직자윤리법), (Korean), (English);

  9. Code of Conduct for Public Officials
    (공무원 행동강령), (Korean), (English).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Belgium
  1. Central Bureau for Countering Corruption, Federal Police of Belgium
    (Office Central pour la Répression de la Corruption), (Dutch/French);
  2. Federal Prosecutor's Office
    (Federaal parket), (Dutch/French).
Republic of Korea

  1. Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission
    (대한민국 국민권익위원회), (Korean/English);

  2. Corruption Investigation Office for High-Ranking Officials
    (고위공직자범죄수사처), (Korean).

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