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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Spain
Uruguay
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2022
Overall Score:
60 out of 100
Rank:
35 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
29 out of 141
Open Budget 2021
Overall Score:
54 out of 100
The Rule of Law Index 2022
Overall Score:
0,73 out of 1
Rank:
23 out of 140
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
73 out of 150
Rank:
94 out of 135
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
7,96 out of 10
Rank:
23 out of 114
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2022
Overall Score:
74 out of 100
Rank:
14 out of 180
Capacity to Combat Corruption Index 2023
Overall Score:
6,99 out of 10
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
71 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2022
Overall Score:
0,71 out of 1
Rank:
25 out of 140
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
92 out of 150
Rank:
56 out of 135
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
7,88 out of 10
Rank:
24 out of 114
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
UN
OAS
Spain
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2010.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2009.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Uruguay
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Organization of American States (OAS)
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
Main Legislation
Spain

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 419-431, 439, 441, 442, Title XIII, Chapter XI, Section 4 – Corruption in Business, Articles 31bis-31quinquies
    (Codigo Penal: Artículos 419-431, 439, 441, 442, Titulo XIII, Сapítulo XI, Sección 4 – Delitos de corrupción en los negocios, Artículos 31bis-31quinquies​), (Spanish);

  2. Law on Civil Service, Division III, Chapter VIII
    (Ley articulada de Funcionarios Civiles del Estado: Titulo III, Capitulo VIII), (Spanish);

  3. Organic Law of December 26, 1984 No. 53/1984 «On Restrictions on Part-Time Work on Civil Servants»
    (Ley Orgánica 53/84, de 26 de diciembre, de Incompatibilidades del personal al servicio de las Administraciones Públicas), (Spanish);

  4. Law of March 30, 2015 «On the Duties of Persons Occupying Highest Positions in Public Administration»
    (Ley 3/2015, de 30 de marzo, reguladora del ejercicio del alto cargo de la Administración General del Estado), (Spanish);

  5. Law of February 20, 2023 «On the Protection of Persons Who Report Regulatory Offences and the Fight against Corruption»
    (Ley 2/2023, de 20 de febrero, reguladora de la protección de las personas que informen sobre infracciones normativas y de lucha contra la corrupción), (Spanish).

Uruguay

  1. Criminal Law: Articles 156-162
    (Código Penal N° 9155: Artículos 156-162), (Spanish); 

  2. Law of December 23, 1998 No. 17.060 «On Regulations Regarding Misuse of Public Office (Corruption)»
    (Ley 17.060 de 1998 Dictanse normas referidas al uso indebido del poder público (Corrupción)), (Spanish);

  3. Law of August 25, 2015 No. 19.340 «On the Council for Transparency and Public Ethics»
    (Ley 19.340 de 2015 Junta de Transparencia y Ética Pública JUTEP), (Spanish);

  4. Law of September 25, 2019 No. 19.823 «Code of Ethics for Public Administration»
    (Ley 19.823 de 2019 Código de Ética en la Función Pública), (Spanish);

  5. Comprehensive Law of December 20, 2017 No. 19.574 «On the Fight against Money Laundering»
    (Ley 19.574 de 2017 Ley Integral Contra El Lavado De Activos), (Spanish).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Spain

  1. Special Prosecutor’s Office for Countering Corruption and Organized Crime
    (Fiscalía Especial contra la Corrupción y el Crimen Organizado), (Spanish);

  2. Office for Conflicts of Interest
    (Oficina de Conflictos de Intereses), (Spanish).

Uruguay

  1. Council for Transparency and Public Ethics
    (Junta de Transparencia y Etica Publica), (Spanish). 

 

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