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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Spain
Netherlands
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2020
Overall Score:
62 out of 100
Rank:
32 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
66 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2020
Overall Score:
0,73 out of 1
Rank:
19 out of 128
Open Budget 2019
Overall Score:
53 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
73 out of 150
Rank:
90 out of 128
Index of Public Integrity 2019
Overall Score:
8,14 out of 10
Rank:
24 out of 117
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2020
Overall Score:
82 out of 100
Rank:
8 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
8 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2020
Overall Score:
0,84 out of 1
Rank:
5 out of 128
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
82 out of 150
Rank:
73 out of 128
Index of Public Integrity 2019
Overall Score:
9,27 out of 10
Rank:
4 out of 117
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
IACA
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
Spain
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2010.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2009.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Netherlands
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accepted in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2001.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
Spain

  1. Criminal Code, Division XIX, Chapter V - Bribes, Chapter VI – Trading in Influence, Chapter IX – Talks and Actions Forbidden to Public Officials and Abuse of Functions; Division XI, Section 4 – Corruption in Business; Articles 31bis-31 quinquies
    (Codigo Penal, Titulo XIX, Сapítulo V, VI, IX; Titulo XI, Sección 4; Artículo 31bis-31 quinquies), (Spanish);

  2. Law on Civil Service, Division III, Chapter VIII
    (Ley articulada de Funcionarios Civiles del Estado: Titulo III, Capitulo VIII), (Spanish);

  3. Organic Law of December 26, 1984 No. 53/84 «On Restrictions on Civil Servants»
    (Ley Orgánica 53/84, de 26 de diciembre, de Incompatibilidades del personal al servicio de las Administraciones Públicas), (Spanish);

  4. Law of December 9, 2013 No. 19 «On Transparency and Free Access to Information»
    (Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno), (Spanish);

  5. Law of March 30, 2015 «On the Duties of Persons Occupying Highest Positions in Public Administration»
    (Ley 3/2015, de 30 de marzo, reguladora del ejercicio del alto cargo de la Administración General del Estado), (Spanish).

Netherlands

  1. Criminal Code, sections 177-178a, 328ter, 328quater, 362-366, section 51 -Liability of Legal Persons
    (Wetboek van Strafrecht: Art. 177-178a, 328ter, 328quater, 362-366, 51), (Dutch/English);

  2. Law on Civil Service
    (Ambtenarenwet), (Dutch);

  3. Code of Conduct for the Public Sector
    (Gedragscode Integriteit Rijk), (Dutch);

  4. Guide to integrity for persons occupying political positions in municipalities, provinces and councils for water management (with a Model code of conduct)
    (Handreiking integriteit van politiek ambtsdragers bij gemeenten, provincies en waterschappen (Met modelgedragscode)), (Dutch).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Spain

  1. Special Prosecutor’s Office for Countering Corruption and Organized Crime
    (Fiscalía Especial contra la Corrupción y el Crimen Organizado), (Spanish)

Netherlands

  1. Fiscal Information and Investigation Service
    (Netherlands Fiscale Inlichtingen- en Opsporingsdienst), (Dutch);

  2. Netherlands Public Prosecution Service
    (Openbaar Ministerie), (Dutch/English).

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