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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Spain
Estonia
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
61 out of 100
Rank:
34 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
66 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,73 out of 1
Rank:
21 out of 139
Open Budget 2019
Overall Score:
53 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
73 out of 150
Rank:
93 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity 2021
Overall Score:
8,14 out of 10
Rank:
24 out of 116
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
74 out of 100
Rank:
13 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
121 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,81 out of 1
Rank:
11 out of 139
Open Budget 2019
Overall Score:
N/A
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
96 out of 150
Rank:
48 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity 2021
Overall Score:
8,78 out of 10
Rank:
12 out of 116
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
IACA
UN
GRECO
OECD
Spain
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2010.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2009.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Estonia
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accessed in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2000.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2004.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Main Legislation
Spain

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 419-430, 439, 441, 442, Title XIII, Chapter XI, Section 4 – Corruption in Business, Articles 31bis-31 quinquies
    (Codigo Penal: Artículos 419-430, 439, 441, 442, Titulo XIII, Сapítulo XI, Sección 4 – Delitos de corrupción en los negocios, Artículos 31bis-31 quinquies​), (Spanish);

  2. Law on Civil Service, Division III, Chapter VIII
    (Ley articulada de Funcionarios Civiles del Estado: Titulo III, Capitulo VIII), (Spanish);

  3. Organic Law of December 26, 1984 No. 53/1984 «On Restrictions on Civil Servants»
    (Ley Orgánica 53/84, de 26 de diciembre, de Incompatibilidades del personal al servicio de las Administraciones Públicas), (Spanish);

  4. Law of December 9, 2013 No. 19 «On Transparency and Free Access to Information»
    (Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre, de transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno), (Spanish);

  5. Law of March 30, 2015 «On the Duties of Persons Occupying Highest Positions in Public Administration»
    (Ley 3/2015, de 30 de marzo, reguladora del ejercicio del alto cargo de la Administración General del Estado), (Spanish).

Estonia

  1. Penal Code: § 294, 296, 298, 2981, 3001, 4023, 4024
    (Karistusseadustik: § 294, 296, 298, 2981, 3001, 4023, 4024), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  2. Anti-Corruption Act
    (Korruptsioonivastane seadus), (Estonian/English)

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Spain

  1. Special Prosecutor’s Office for Countering Corruption and Organized Crime
    (Fiscalía Especial contra la Corrupción y el Crimen Organizado), (Spanish)

Estonia

  1. Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Estonia
    (Prokuratuur), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  2. Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Estonia
    (Justiitsministeerium), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  3. Anti-Corruption Portal, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Estonia
    (Justiitsministeerium), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  4. Internal Security Service of the Republic of Estonia
    (Kaitsepolitseiamet), (Estonian/English).

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