HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Panama
South Africa
Indices
Overall Score:
35 out of 100
Rank:
108 out of 180
Overall Score:
5,39 out of 10
Rank:
18 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,51 out of 1
Rank:
74 out of 142
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
54 out of 140
Overall Score:
41 out of 100
Rank:
83 out of 180
Rank:
46 out of 141
Overall Score:
83 out of 100
Overall Score:
0,57 out of 1
Rank:
56 out of 142
Overall Score:
118 out of 150
Rank:
16 out of 140
Overall Score:
7,51 out of 10
Rank:
31 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OAS
UN
OECD
G20
FATF
BRICS
AU
Panama
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2005.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2012.
South Africa
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2007.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
  • Member of the FATF since 2003.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
  • BRICS Member since 2011.
  • Holds BRICS Presidency in 2023.
  • The AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption was ratified in 2005.
Main Legislation
Panama

1. Criminal Code: Articles 254, 345-354, 364, 365
(Código Penal: Artículos 254, 345-354, 364, 365), (Spanish);

2. Law on the Careers of Civil Servants
(Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa), (Spanish);

3. Law on the Implementation of Article 299 of the Constitution and the Fight against Corruption in Public Authorities
(Que Reglamenta el Artículo 299 de la Constitución Política y Dicta otras Disposiciones contra la Corrupción Administrativa), (Spanish);

4. Law on Regulating Situations of Conflict of Interest in the Public Service
(Que Regula Situaciones de Conflicto de Intereses en la Función Pública), (Spanish);

5. Presidential Decree on a Unified Form for Declaration of Interests and Other Provisions
(Que adopta el Formulario Único de Declaración Jurada de intereses particulares y dicta otras disposiciones), (Spanish);

6. Uniform Code of Ethics for Public Officials
(Código Uniforme De Ética De Los Servidores Públicos), (Spanish);

7. Guidelines on Asset Declarations for Civil Servants
(Guía Básica sobre Declaración Jurada de Estado Patrimonial de Funcionarios Públicos), (Spanish).

South Africa
  1. Public Service Act 103 of 1994, (English);

  2. Executive Members’ Ethics Act of 1998, (English);

  3. Protected Disclosures Act 26 of 2000, (English);

  4. Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act 12 of 2004, (English);

  5. Public Service Amendment Act 30 of 2007, (English);

  6. Protected Disclosures Amendment Act 5 of 2017, (English);

  7. Code of Ethical Conduct and Disclosure of Members’ Interests for Assembly and Permanent Council Members, (English);

  8. Public Service Regulations, (English).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Panama

1. Public Prosecutor's Office of Panama
(Ministerio Público de Panamá), (Spanish);

2. National Authority for Transparency and Access to Information
(Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información), (Spanish).

South Africa
  1. Investigating Directorate, (English);

  2. Public Service Commission, (English);

  3. Special Investigating Unit, (English);

  4. Special Tribunal, (English).

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