HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Panama
Slovakia
Indices
Overall Score:
35 out of 100
Rank:
108 out of 180
Overall Score:
5,39 out of 10
Rank:
18 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,51 out of 1
Rank:
74 out of 142
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
54 out of 140
Overall Score:
54 out of 100
Rank:
47 out of 180
Rank:
101 out of 141
Overall Score:
69 out of 100
Overall Score:
0,66 out of 1
Rank:
34 out of 142
Overall Score:
66 out of 150
Rank:
108 out of 140
Overall Score:
7,65 out of 10
Rank:
28 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OAS
UN
GRECO
OECD
Panama
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2005.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2012.
Slovakia
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2000.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2003.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1999.
  • The country is undergoing Phases 3 and 1bis evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The reports are available here.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Main Legislation
Panama

1. Criminal Code: Articles 254, 345-354, 364, 365
(Código Penal: Artículos 254, 345-354, 364, 365), (Spanish);

2. Law on the Careers of Civil Servants
(Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa), (Spanish);

3. Law on the Implementation of Article 299 of the Constitution and the Fight against Corruption in Public Authorities
(Que Reglamenta el Artículo 299 de la Constitución Política y Dicta otras Disposiciones contra la Corrupción Administrativa), (Spanish);

4. Law on Regulating Situations of Conflict of Interest in the Public Service
(Que Regula Situaciones de Conflicto de Intereses en la Función Pública), (Spanish);

5. Presidential Decree on a Unified Form for Declaration of Interests and Other Provisions
(Que adopta el Formulario Único de Declaración Jurada de intereses particulares y dicta otras disposiciones), (Spanish);

6. Uniform Code of Ethics for Public Officials
(Código Uniforme De Ética De Los Servidores Públicos), (Spanish);

7. Guidelines on Asset Declarations for Civil Servants
(Guía Básica sobre Declaración Jurada de Estado Patrimonial de Funcionarios Públicos), (Spanish).

Slovakia
  1. Criminal Code: Articles 328-336d
    (Trestný zákon: § 328-336d), (Slovak);

  2. Constitutional Act No. 357/2004 «On the Protection of Public Interest in the Performance of Offices by Public Officials»
    (Ústavný zákon č. 357/2004 o ochrane verejného záujmu pri výkone funkcií verejných funkcionárov), (Slovak);

  3. Law No. 91/2016 «On Criminal Liability of Legal Persons and on the Amendments to Specific Legislative Acts»
    (Zákon č. 91/2016 o trestnej zodpovednosti právnických osôb a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov), (Slovak);

  4. Law No. 55/2017 «On Public Service and on the Amendments to Certain Laws»
    (Zákon č. 55/2017 o štátnej službe a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov), (Slovak);

  5. Law No. 54/2019 «On the Protection of Persons Reporting Violations of Public Interest and on the Amendments to Specific Acts»
    (Zákon č. 54/2019 o ochrane oznamovateľov protispoločenskej činnosti a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov), (Slovak);

  6. Decree of the Government of the Slovak Republic of 21 November 2019 No. 400/2019 «On the Code of Ethics of Public Officials»
    (Vyhláška Úradu vlády Slovenskej republiky č. 400/2019, ktorou sa vydáva Etický kódex štátneho zamestnanca), (Slovak).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Panama

1. Public Prosecutor's Office of Panama
(Ministerio Público de Panamá), (Spanish);

2. National Authority for Transparency and Access to Information
(Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información), (Spanish).

Slovakia
  1. National Criminal Agency
    (Národná Kriminálna Agentúra), (Slovak).

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