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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Estonia
Zambia
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2023
Overall Score:
76 out of 100
Rank:
12 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
125 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,82 out of 1
Rank:
9 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
95 out of 150
Rank:
47 out of 140
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
9,03 out of 10
Rank:
5 out of 119
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2023
Overall Score:
37 out of 100
Rank:
98 out of 180
Open Budget 2023
Overall Score:
34 out of 100
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,45 out of 1
Rank:
105 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
85 out of 150
Rank:
73 out of 140
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
3,72 out of 10
Rank:
107 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
UN
AU
Estonia
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accessed in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2000.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2004.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Zambia
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
African Union (AU)
  • The AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption was ratified in 2007.
Main Legislation
Estonia

  1. Penal Code: § 294, 296, 298, 2981, 300, 3001, 301, 4023, 4024
    (Karistusseadustik: § 294, 296, 298, 2981, 300, 3001, 301, 4023, 4024), (Estonian/English);

  2. Anti-Corruption Act
    (Korruptsioonivastane seadus), (Estonian/English)

Zambia
  1. Parliamentary and Ministerial Code of Conduct Act, (English);
  2. Anti-Corruption Commission Act, (English);
  3. Public Interest Disclosure (Protection of Whistleblowers) Act, (English);
  4. Anti-Corruption Act, (English);
  5. Public Finance Management Act: Article 89, (English);
  6. Anti-Corruption (Declaration of Gifts) Regulations, (English).
Anti-Corruption Bodies
Estonia

  1. Prosecutor’s Office
    (Prokuratuur), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  2. Ministry of Justice
    (Justiitsministeerium), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  3. Anti-Corruption Portal of Ministry of Justice
    (Justiitsministeerium), (Estonian);

  4. Internal Security Service
    (Kaitsepolitseiamet), (Estonian/English).

Zambia
  1. Anti-Corruption Commission, (English).

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