HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Estonia
Netherlands
Indices
Overall Score:
76 out of 100
Rank:
12 out of 180
Rank:
125 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,82 out of 1
Rank:
9 out of 142
Overall Score:
95 out of 150
Rank:
47 out of 140
Overall Score:
9,03 out of 10
Rank:
5 out of 119
Overall Score:
79 out of 100
Rank:
8 out of 180
Rank:
12 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,83 out of 1
Rank:
7 out of 142
Overall Score:
82 out of 150
Rank:
78 out of 140
Overall Score:
8,67 out of 10
Rank:
7 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
Estonia
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accessed in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2000.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2004.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Netherlands
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accepted in 2006.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • GRECO’s member since 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2001.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
Estonia
  1. Penal Code: § 294, 296, 298, 2981, 300, 3001, 301, 4023, 4024
    (Karistusseadustik: § 294, 296, 298, 2981, 300, 3001, 301, 4023, 4024), (Estonian/English);

  2. Anti-Corruption Act
    (Korruptsioonivastane seadus), (Estonian/English)

Netherlands
  1. Criminal Code: Article 51 - Liability of Legal Persons, Articles 177-178a, 328bis-328quater, 363-364a, 420bis
    (Wetboek van Strafrecht: Artikel 51 – Aansprakelijkheid van Rechtspersonen, Artikels 177-178a, 328bis-328quater, 363-364a, 420bis), (Dutch);

  2. Law on Civil Service
    (Ambtenarenwet), (Dutch);

  3. Law on Whistleblowers
    (Wet Huis voor klokkenluiders), (Dutch);

  4. Code of Conduct for the Public Sector
    (Gedragscode Integriteit Rijk), (Dutch);

  5. Guide to integrity for persons occupying political positions in municipalities, provinces and councils for water management (with a Model code of conduct)
    (Handreiking integriteit van politiek ambtsdragers bij gemeenten, provincies en waterschappen (Met modelgedragscode)), (Dutch).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Estonia
  1. Prosecutor’s Office
    (Prokuratuur), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  2. Ministry of Justice
    (Justiitsministeerium), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  3. Anti-Corruption Portal of Ministry of Justice
    (Justiitsministeerium), (Estonian);

  4. Internal Security Service
    (Kaitsepolitseiamet), (Estonian/English).

Netherlands
  1. Fiscal Information and Investigation Service
    (Fiscale Inlichtingen- en Opsporingsdienst), (Dutch);

  2. Public Prosecution Service
    (Openbaar Ministerie), (Dutch).

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