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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
El Salvador
Netherlands
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2023
Overall Score:
31 out of 100
Rank:
126 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
97 out of 141
Open Budget 2023
Overall Score:
24 out of 100
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,45 out of 1
Rank:
108 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
120 out of 150
Rank:
14 out of 140
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2023
Overall Score:
79 out of 100
Rank:
8 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
12 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,83 out of 1
Rank:
7 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
82 out of 150
Rank:
77 out of 140
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
8,67 out of 10
Rank:
7 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OAS
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
El Salvador
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Organization of American States (OAS)
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA)
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2016.
Netherlands
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accepted in 2006.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2001.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
El Salvador

1. Constitution: Article 240
(Constitución: Artículo 240), (Spanish);

2. Criminal Code: Article 38 – Legal Persons Liability, Articles 307, 308, 310, 327, 328, 330-333, 335, 336
(Código Penal: Artículo 38 – Actuar por Otro, Artículos 307, 308, 310, 327, 328, 330-333, 335, 336), (Spanish);

3. Law on Civil Service: Articles 31, 32
(Ley de Servicio Civil: Artículos 31, 32), (Spanish);

4. Law on the Unjust Enrichment of Public Servants
(Ley Sobre el Enriquecimiento Ilicito de Funcionarios y Empleados Publicos), (Spanish);

5. Law on the Government Ethics
(Ley de Ética Gubernamental), (Spanish);

6. Special Law on the Extinction of Ownership and the Administration of Assets of Illicit Origin or Destination
(Ley Especial De Extinciónde Dominio Y De La Administraciónde Los Bienes De Origen O Destinaciónilícita), (Spanish);

7. Presidential Decree on Ethical Standards of Public Service
(Normas Éticas Para La Función Pública), (Spanish).

Netherlands

  1. Criminal Code: Article 51 - Liability of Legal Persons, Articles 177-178a, 328bis-328quater, 363-364a, 420bis
    (Wetboek van Strafrecht: Artikel 51 – Aansprakelijkheid van Rechtspersonen, Artikels 177-178a, 328bis-328quater, 363-364a, 420bis), (Dutch);

  2. Law on Civil Service
    (Ambtenarenwet), (Dutch);

  3. Law on Whistleblowers
    (Wet Huis voor klokkenluiders), (Dutch);

  4. Code of Conduct for the Public Sector
    (Gedragscode Integriteit Rijk), (Dutch);

  5. Guide to integrity for persons occupying political positions in municipalities, provinces and councils for water management (with a Model code of conduct)
    (Handreiking integriteit van politiek ambtsdragers bij gemeenten, provincies en waterschappen (Met modelgedragscode)), (Dutch).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
El Salvador

1. Office of the Prosecutor General (site created but currently unavailable)
(Fiscalia General de la República), (Spanish);

2. Integrity Division of the Supreme Court of Justice
(Sección de Probidad de la Corte Suprema de Justicia), (Spanish).

Netherlands

  1. Fiscal Information and Investigation Service
    (Fiscale Inlichtingen-en Opsporingsdienst), (Dutch);

  2. Public Prosecution Service
    (Openbaar Ministerie), (Dutch);

  3. Police
    (Politie), (Dutch/English).

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