HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Belgium
France
Indices
Overall Score:
73 out of 100
Rank:
16 out of 180
Rank:
26 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,78 out of 1
Rank:
16 out of 142
Overall Score:
59 out of 150
Rank:
121 out of 140
Overall Score:
7,31 out of 10
Rank:
35 out of 119
Overall Score:
71 out of 100
Rank:
20 out of 180
Rank:
30 out of 141
Overall Score:
74 out of 100
Overall Score:
0,73 out of 1
Rank:
21 out of 142
Overall Score:
65 out of 150
Rank:
109 out of 140
Overall Score:
8,60 out of 10
Rank:
8 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
UN
GRECO
OECD
G20
FATF
Belgium
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1999.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
France
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2005.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
  • G20 Presidency in 2011.
  • The documents adopted under France’s Presidency are available here.
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
Belgium

1. Criminal Code: Articles 246-250, 254-256, 504bis, 504ter
(Wetboek van Strafrecht: Art. 246-250, 254-256, 504bis, 504ter), (Dutch);

2. Law of November 28, 2022 «On the Protection of Whistleblowers Reporting Breaches of Union or National Law Committed by Legal Persons in the Private Sector»
(Wet van 28 november 2022, betreffende de bescherming van melders van inbreuken op het Unie- of nationale recht vastgesteld binnen een juridische entiteit in de private sector), (Dutch);

3. Law of December 8, 2022 «On Disclosure Channels and Whistleblower Protection in the Federal Public Authorities and the Integrated Police»
(Wet van 8 december 2022, betreffende de meldingskanalen en de bescherming van de melders van integriteitsschendingen in de federale overheidsinstanties en bij de geïntegreerde politie), (Dutch);

4. Circular of May 5, 2014 «On the Management of Conflicts of Interest in Public Procurement: "Revolving Door"»
(Omzendbrief 5 mei 2014 - Overheidsopdrachten - Belangenvermenging – Draaideurconstructie), (Dutch);

5. The Code of Ethics for Federal Public Officials
(Deontologisch Kader), (Dutch).

 

France
  1. Penal Code: Article 121-2 Liability of Legal Persons, Articles 432-11 – 432-17, 433-1 – 433-2-1, 435-1 – 435-4, 435-9, 435-10, 445-1 – 445-4
    (Code Pénal: Article 121-2 – Responsabilité des personnes morales, Articles 432-11 – 432-17, 433-1 – 433-2-1, 435-1 – 435-4, 435-9, 435-10, 445-1 – 445-4), (French);

  2. Law of October 11, 2013 No. 2013-907 «On Transparency of Public Life»
    (Loi n° 2013-907 du 11 octobre 2013 relative à la transparence de la vie publique), (French);

  3. Law of April 20, 2016 No. 2016-483 «On Ethics, Rights and Obligations of Civil Servants»
    (Loi n° 2016-483 du 20 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires), (French);

  4. Law of December 9, 2016 No. 2016-1691 «On Transparency, Fight against Corruption and Modernization of Economic Life»
    (Loi n° 2016-1691 du 9 décembre 2016 relative à la transparence, à la lutte contre la corruption et à la modernisation de la vie économique), (French);

  5. Decree of January 30, 2020 No. 2020-69 «On Ethical Controls in the Civil Service»
    (Décret n° 2020-69 du 30 janvier 2020 relatif aux contrôles déontologiques dans la fonction publique), (French);

  6. Notice on the French Anti-Corruption Agency Guidelines to help Public and Private Sector Entities to Prevent and Detect Bribery, Influence Peddling, Extortion by Public Officials, Illegal Taking of Interest, Misappropriation of Public Funds and Favouritism
    (Recommandations destinées à aider les personnes morales de droit public et de droit privé à prévenir et à détecter les faits de corruption, de trafic d'influence, de concussion, de prise illégale d'intérêts, de détournement de fonds publics et de favoritisme), (French), (English).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Belgium
  1. Central Bureau for Countering Corruption, Federal Police of Belgium
    (Office Central pour la Répression de la Corruption), (Dutch/French);
  2. Central Anti-Corruption Bureau
    (Centrale Dienst voor de Bestrijding van Corruptie), (Dutch/French);
  3. Federal Prosecutor's Office
    (Federaal parket), (Dutch/French).
France
  1. French Anti-Corruption Agency
    (Agence française anticorruption), (French);

  2. Central Office for the Fight against Corruption and Financial and Tax Offences
    (Office central de lutte contre la corruption et les infractions financières et fiscales), (French);

  3. High Authority for Transparency in Public Life
    (Haute Autorité pour la transparence de la vie publique), (French/English);

  4. National Financial Prosecutor’s Office
    (Parquet national financier), (French);

  5. Paris Prosecutor’s Office
    (Parquet de Paris), (French).

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