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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Belgium
Estonia
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
73 out of 100
Rank:
18 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
50 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,79 out of 1
Rank:
14 out of 139
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
59 out of 150
Rank:
120 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity 2021
Overall Score:
8,78 out of 10
Rank:
13 out of 116
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2021
Overall Score:
74 out of 100
Rank:
13 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2020
Rank:
121 out of 133
The Rule of Law Index 2021
Overall Score:
0,81 out of 1
Rank:
11 out of 139
Open Budget 2019
Overall Score:
N/A
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
96 out of 150
Rank:
48 out of 136
Index of Public Integrity 2021
Overall Score:
8,78 out of 10
Rank:
12 out of 116
International Cooperation
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
UN
GRECO
OECD
Belgium
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 1999.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
  • Member of the FATF since 1990.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Estonia
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was accessed in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2000.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2004.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 3 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
Main Legislation
Belgium

1. Criminal Code: Articles 246-250, 504bis, 504ter
(Wetboek van Strafrecht: Art. 246-250, 504bis, 504ter), (Dutch);

2. Law of September 15, 2013 «On the Disclosure of Information on Alleged Violation of the Rules of Conduct for Public Officials»
(Wet van 15 septembre 2013, beteffende de melding van een verondestelde integriteitsschending in de federale administratieve overheden door haar personeelsleden), (Dutch);

3. The Code of Ethics for Federal Public Officials
(Deontologisch Kader), (Dutch/French);

4. Guide to the Management of Conflicts of Interest in Federal Public Administration
(Handleiding bij belangenconflicten in het Belgisch federaal administratief openbaar ambt), (Dutch), (French);

5. Circular of May 5, 2014 «On the Management of Conflicts of Interest in Public Procurement: "Revolving Door"»
(Omzendbrief 5 mei 2014 - Overheidsopdrachten - Belangenvermenging – Draaideurconstructie), (Dutch).

Estonia

  1. Penal Code: § 294, 296, 298, 2981, 3001, 4023, 4024
    (Karistusseadustik: § 294, 296, 298, 2981, 3001, 4023, 4024), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  2. Anti-Corruption Act
    (Korruptsioonivastane seadus), (Estonian/English)

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Belgium
  1. Central Bureau for Countering Corruption, Federal Police of Belgium
    (Office Central pour la Répression de la Corruption), (Dutch/French);
  2. Federal Prosecutor's Office
    (Federaal parket), (Dutch/French).
Estonia

  1. Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Estonia
    (Prokuratuur), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  2. Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Estonia
    (Justiitsministeerium), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  3. Anti-Corruption Portal, Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Estonia
    (Justiitsministeerium), (Estonian/English/Russian);

  4. Internal Security Service of the Republic of Estonia
    (Kaitsepolitseiamet), (Estonian/English).

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