HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Chile
Romania
Indices
Overall Score:
66 out of 100
Rank:
29 out of 180
Overall Score:
73 out of 141
Overall Score:
94 out of 150
Rank:
50 out of 140
Overall Score:
60 out of 100
Overall Score:
7,27 out of 10
Rank:
37 out of 119
Overall Score:
0,66 out of 1
Rank:
33 out of 142
Overall Score:
6,67 out of 10
Overall Score:
46 out of 100
Rank:
63 out of 180
Rank:
62 out of 141
Overall Score:
63 out of 100
Overall Score:
0,63 out of 1
Rank:
40 out of 142
Overall Score:
85 out of 150
Rank:
71 out of 140
Overall Score:
7,09 out of 10
Rank:
42 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OECD
APEC
OAS
UN
GRECO
Chile
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2001.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
  • APEC’s member since 1994.
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2013.
Romania
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • GRECO’s member since 1999.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2002.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2002.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2011.
Main Legislation
Chile
  1. Criminal Code: Articles 240, 248-251ter, 287-bis, 287-ter
    (Código Penal: Artículos 240, 248-251ter, 287-bis, 287-ter), (Spanish);

  2. Law of November 17, 2001 No. 19.653 «Revised and Systematized Text of Law No. 18.575 “On General Constitutional Framework of Public Administration”»
    (DFL 1-19653 de 17 noviembre 2001, Fija texto refundido, coordinado y  sistematizado de la ley nº 18.575,  organica constitucional de bases generales de la administracion del  estado), (Spanish);

  3. Law No. 20.205 of July 24, 2007 «Protection of Officials Reporting Irregularities and Violations of the Principle of Integrity»
    (Ley 20.205 de 24 julio 2007, Protege al funcionario que denuncia irregularidades y faltas al principio de probidad), (Spanish);

  4. Law of December 2, 2009 No. 20.393 «On Criminal Liability of Legal Persons for the Crimes Related to Money-Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Bribery»
    (Ley 20.393 de 2 diciembre 2009, Establece la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en los delitos de lavado de activos, financiamiento del terrorismo y delitos de cohecho que indica), (Spanish);

  5. Law No. 20.880 of January 5, 2016 «On Integrity in Civil Service and the Prevention of Conflicts of Interest»
    (Ley 20.880 de 5 enero 2016, Sobre probidad en la función pública y prevención de los conflictos de intereses)(Spanish);

  6. Law No. 21.592 of August 21, 2023 «On the Protection of Whistleblowers»
    (Ley 21.592 de 21 agosto 2023, Establece un Estatuto de Protección en Favor del Denunciante)(Spanish);

  7. Code of Ethics of Civil Service
    (Código de ética para la función pública), (Spanish).

Romania
  1. Criminal Code: Articles 289-294, 301, 307, 308
    (Privind Codul Penal: Art. 289-294, 301, 307, 308), (Romanian);

  2. Law of October 16, 1996 No. 115 «On Declaration of and Control Over the Assets of Officials, Magistrates and Other Persons Occupying Senior Positions»
    (Lege nr.115 din 16 octombrie 1996 privind declararea şi controlul averii demnitarilor, magistraţilor, funcţionarilor publici şi a unor persoane cu funcţii de conducere), (Romanian);

  3. Law No. 188 of December 8, 1999 «On the Status of Civil Servants»
    (Lege nr.188 din 8 decembrie 1999 privind Statutul funcţionarilor publici), (Romanian);

  4. Law of May 8, 2000 No. 78 «On Prevention, Detection of and Sanctioning for Corruption»
    (Lege nr.78 din 8 mai 2000 pentru prevenirea, descoperirea şi sancţionarea faptelor de corupţie), (Romanian);

  5. Law No. 161 of April 19, 2003 «On Certain Measures for Ensuring Transparency in the Exercise of Public Functions in Business Environment and on the Prevention of and Fight against Corruption»
    (Lege nr.161 din 19 aprilie 2003 privind unele măsuri pentru asigurarea transparenţei în exercitarea demnităţilor publice, a funcţiilor publice şi în mediul de afaceri, prevenirea şi sancţionarea corupţiei), (Romanian);

  6. Law No. 176 of September 1, 2010 «On Integrity in the Exercise of Public Functions, Amendments and Supplements to Law No. 144 of May 21, 2007 Regarding the Establishment and Functioning of the National Integrity Agency, and Amendments and Supplements to other Legal Acts»
    (Lege nr.176 din 1 septembrie 2010 privind integritatea în exercitarea funcţiilor şi demnităţilor publice, pentru modificarea şi completarea Legii nr. 144/2007 privind înfiinţarea, organizarea şi funcţionarea Agenţiei Naţionale de Integritate, precum şi pentru modificarea şi completarea altor acte normative), (Romanian);

  7. Law No. 361 of December 16, 2022 «On the Protection of Whistleblowers in the Public Interest»
    (Lege nr. 361 din 16 decembrie 2022 privind protecția avertizorilor în interes public)(Romanian).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Chile
  1. Special Anti-Corruption Unit, General Prosecutor’s Office
    (Unidad Especializada Anticorrupción de la Fiscalía Nacional), (Spanish);

  2. General Comptroller
    (Contraloria General De la República), (Spanish/English);

  3. Transparency Council of Chile
    (Consejo para la Transparencia), (Spanish/English);

  4. Anti-Corruption Portal
    (Portal Anticorrupción)(Spanish).

Romania
  1. National Agency for Integrity
    (Agentia Nationala de Integritate), (Romanian);

  2. National Anti-Corruption Directorate of the Prosecutors' Office
    (Direcția Națională Anticorupție), (Romanian/English);

  3. Anti-Corruption General Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
    (Direcția Generală Anticorupție), (Romanian/English);
  4. National Agency of Civil Servants of the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration
    (Agenţia Naţională a Funcţionarilor Publici)(рум./англ.);

  5. National Agency for the Management of Seized Assets of the Ministry of Justice
    (Agenția Națională de Administrare a Bunurilor Indisponibilizate a Ministerul Justiției), (Romanian/English).

We use cookies in order to improve the quality and usability of the HSE website. More information about the use of cookies is available here, and the regulations on processing personal data can be found here. By continuing to use the site, you hereby confirm that you have been informed of the use of cookies by the HSE website and agree with our rules for processing personal data. You may disable cookies in your browser settings.