HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Panama
Moldova
Indices
Overall Score:
35 out of 100
Rank:
108 out of 180
Overall Score:
5,39 out of 10
Rank:
18 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,51 out of 1
Rank:
74 out of 142
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
54 out of 140
Overall Score:
42 out of 100
Rank:
76 out of 180
Overall Score:
65 out of 100
Overall Score:
0,53 out of 1
Rank:
68 out of 142
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
53 out of 140
Overall Score:
7,28 out of 10
Rank:
36 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OAS
UN
GRECO
Panama
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2005.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2012.
Moldova
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2007.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
  • GRECO’s member since 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2012.
Main Legislation
Panama

1. Criminal Code: Articles 254, 345-354, 364, 365
(Código Penal: Artículos 254, 345-354, 364, 365), (Spanish);

2. Law on the Careers of Civil Servants
(Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa), (Spanish);

3. Law on the Implementation of Article 299 of the Constitution and the Fight against Corruption in Public Authorities
(Que Reglamenta el Artículo 299 de la Constitución Política y Dicta otras Disposiciones contra la Corrupción Administrativa), (Spanish);

4. Law on Regulating Situations of Conflict of Interest in the Public Service
(Que Regula Situaciones de Conflicto de Intereses en la Función Pública), (Spanish);

5. Presidential Decree on a Unified Form for Declaration of Interests and Other Provisions
(Que adopta el Formulario Único de Declaración Jurada de intereses particulares y dicta otras disposiciones), (Spanish);

6. Uniform Code of Ethics for Public Officials
(Código Uniforme De Ética De Los Servidores Públicos), (Spanish);

7. Guidelines on Asset Declarations for Civil Servants
(Guía Básica sobre Declaración Jurada de Estado Patrimonial de Funcionarios Públicos), (Spanish).

Moldova
  1. Criminal Code: Articles 256, 324-327, 3302, 333-335
    (Codul Penal: Articole 256, 324-327, 3302, 333-335), (Romanian/Rissian);

  2. Code of Offences: Articles 312, 3131, 3132, 3134-3136, 3138, 314-315, 3191, 3271, 3302
    (Codul Contravenţional: Articole 312, 3131, 3132, 3134-3136, 3138, 314-315, 3191, 3271, 3302), (Romanian/Russian);

  3. Law of June 6, 2002 No. 1104 «On the National Anti-Corruption Centre»
    (Lege Nr. 1104 din 06.06.2002 cu privire la Centrul Naţional Anticorupţie), (Romanian/Russian);

  4. Law of February 22, 2008 No. 25 «On the Code of Conduct for Civil Servants»​
    (Lege Nr. 25 din 22.02.2008 privind Codul de conduită a funcţionarului public), (Romanian/Russian);

  5. Law of July 4, 2008 No. 158 «On Public Office and the Status of a Public Servant»
    (Lege Nr. 158 din 04.07.2008 cu privire la funcţia publică şi statutul funcţionarului public), (Romanian/Russian);

  6. Law of June 17, 2016 No. 133 «On declaration of assets and personal interests»
    (Lege Nr. 133 din 17.06.2016 privind declararea averii și a intereselor personale), (Romanian/Russian);

  7. Law of May 25, 2017 No. 82 «On Integrity»
    (Lege Nr. 82 din 25.05.2017 integrităţii), (Romanian/Russian).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Panama

1. Public Prosecutor's Office of Panama
(Ministerio Público de Panamá), (Spanish);

2. National Authority for Transparency and Access to Information
(Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información), (Spanish).

Moldova
  1. National Anti-Corruption Centre
    (Centrul Național Anticorupție), (Romanian/English);

  2. Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office of the General Prosecutor’s Office
    (Parchetul Anticorupție al Parchetului General), (Romanian);

  3. National Integrity Authority
    (Autoritatea Națională de Integritate), (Romanian/Russian/English);

  4. Independent Anti-Corruption Advisory Commitee
    (Comitetul Consultativ Independent Anticorupție), (Romanian/English).

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