HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Panama
Denmark
Indices
Overall Score:
35 out of 100
Rank:
108 out of 180
Overall Score:
5,39 out of 10
Rank:
18 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,51 out of 1
Rank:
74 out of 142
Overall Score:
93 out of 150
Rank:
54 out of 140
Overall Score:
90 out of 100
Rank:
1 out of 180
Rank:
80 out of 141
Overall Score:
0,90 out of 1
Rank:
1 out of 142
Overall Score:
64 out of 150
Rank:
111 out of 140
Overall Score:
9,30 out of 10
Rank:
1 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OAS
UN
GRECO
OECD
FATF
Panama
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2005.
  • The review under the second cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1998.
  • The Agreement for the Establishment of the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization was ratified in 2012.
Denmark
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
  • GRECO’s member since 2000.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2000.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was not ratified.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
  • The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions was ratified in 2000.
  • The country is undergoing Phase 4 evaluation of the implementation of the Convention. The report is available here.
  • Member of the FATF since 1991.
  • Evaluation Report on compliance with the FATF recommendations is available here.
Main Legislation
Panama

1. Criminal Code: Articles 254, 345-354, 364, 365
(Código Penal: Artículos 254, 345-354, 364, 365), (Spanish);

2. Law on the Careers of Civil Servants
(Por la cual se establece y regula la Carrera Administrativa), (Spanish);

3. Law on the Implementation of Article 299 of the Constitution and the Fight against Corruption in Public Authorities
(Que Reglamenta el Artículo 299 de la Constitución Política y Dicta otras Disposiciones contra la Corrupción Administrativa), (Spanish);

4. Law on Regulating Situations of Conflict of Interest in the Public Service
(Que Regula Situaciones de Conflicto de Intereses en la Función Pública), (Spanish);

5. Presidential Decree on a Unified Form for Declaration of Interests and Other Provisions
(Que adopta el Formulario Único de Declaración Jurada de intereses particulares y dicta otras disposiciones), (Spanish);

6. Uniform Code of Ethics for Public Officials
(Código Uniforme De Ética De Los Servidores Públicos), (Spanish);

7. Guidelines on Asset Declarations for Civil Servants
(Guía Básica sobre Declaración Jurada de Estado Patrimonial de Funcionarios Públicos), (Spanish).

Denmark

1. Criminal Code: Articles 122, 144, 145, 280, 290, 304a, Chapter 5 – Criminal Liability of Legal Persons
(Straffeloven: § 122, 144, 145, 280, 290, 304a, 5. kapitel  Strafansvar for juridiske personer​), (Danish);

2. Public Administration Act
(Forvaltningsloven LBK nr 433 af 22/04/2014)(Danish);

3. Whistleblower Protection Act
(Lov om beskyttelse af whistleblowere LOV nr 1436 af 29/06/2021)(Danish);

4. Code of Conduct VII: Seven Key Responsibilities of Central Government Officials
(Syv centrale pligter for embedsmænd i centraladministrationen — Kodex VII), (Danish).

Anti-Corruption Bodies
Panama

1. Public Prosecutor's Office of Panama
(Ministerio Público de Panamá), (Spanish);

2. National Authority for Transparency and Access to Information
(Autoridad Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información), (Spanish).

Denmark
  1. Ministry of Justice of Denmark
    (Justitsministeriet), (Danish);

  2. National Special Crime Unit
    (National enhed for Særlig Kriminalitet)(Danish);

  3. State Prosecutor for Special Crime
    (Statsadvokaten for Særlig Kriminalitet)(Danish).

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