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HSE University Anti-Corruption Portal
Comparison of countries
Nicaragua
Malta
Indices
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2023
Overall Score:
17 out of 100
Rank:
172 out of 180
The Rule of Law Index 2022
Overall Score:
0,36 out of 1
Rank:
133 out of 140
Open Budget 2023
Overall Score:
44 out of 100
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
111 out of 150
Rank:
24 out of 140
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
4,43 out of 10
Rank:
96 out of 119
TI Corruption Perceptions Index 2023
Overall Score:
51 out of 100
Rank:
55 out of 180
Financial Secrecy Index 2022
Rank:
38 out of 141
The Rule of Law Index 2023
Overall Score:
0,68 out of 1
Rank:
30 out of 142
Global Right to Information Rating
Overall Score:
78 out of 150
Rank:
83 out of 140
Index of Public Integrity
Overall Score:
7,26 out of 10
Rank:
38 out of 119
International Cooperation
UN
OAS
UN
GRECO
Nicaragua
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2006.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The executive summary is available here.
Organization of American States (OAS)
  • The Inter-American Convention against Corruption was ratified in 1999.
Malta
The United Nations (UN)
  • The UN Convention against Corruption was ratified in 2008.
  • The review under the first cycle of the Implementation Review Mechanism is completed. The country report is available here.
Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)
  • GRECO’s member since 2001.
  • The Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2003.
  • The Council of Europe’s Civil Law Convention on Corruption was ratified in 2004.
  • The fifth evaluation round is completed. The evaluation report is available here.
Main Legislation
Nicaragua

1. Constitution: Article 130
(Constitución: Artículo 130), (Spanish);

2. Criminal Code: Articles 281, 282, 445-450, 452, 453, 454, 456-459
(Código Penal: Artículos 281, 282, 445-450, 452, 453, 454, 456-459), (Spanish);

3. Civil Service Probity Law
(Ley de Probidad de Los Servidores Públicos), (Spanish);

4. Law on Amendments to Law No. 735, Law on the Prevention, Investigation and Prosecution of Organised Crime and on the Administration of Seized, Confiscated and Abandoned Assets
(Ley De Reformas A La Ley No. 735, Ley de Prevención, Investigación y Persecución del Crimen Organizado y de la Administración de los Bienes Incautados, Decomisados y Abandonados), (Spanish);

5. Code of Ethical Conduct for Civil Servants in the Executive Branch of Government
(Código de Conducta Ética de los Servidores Públicos del Poder Ejecutivo), (Spanish).

Malta

  1. Criminal Code: Articles 115-121A, 121C, 121D, 124-126, (Maltese/English);

  2. Permanent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988, (Maltese/English);

  3. Public Administration Act 2019, along with Code of Ethics, (Maltese/English);

  4. Protection of the Whistleblower Act 2013, (Maltese/English);

  5. Code of Principles of Good Corporate Governance for Listed Entities, (English).

 
Anti-Corruption Bodies
Nicaragua

1. Attorney General of the Republic (site created but currently unavailable)
(Fiscal General de la República), (Spanish).

Malta

  1. Permanent Commission against Corruption of Malta, (Maltese/English).

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